Before installing Oracle, you got to check the prerequisites. And here are the details of the requirements that need to be done prior to the installation of the Oracle software.

Pre-Requisites :

(1) Check the OS bit:

You may be having a very common question in your mind about which version of oracle you need to install. 32 bit or 64 bit ?? It all depends upon your version of os.

A 64-bit operating system can support either a 32-bit database or a 64-bit database. A 32-bit operating system cannot support a 64-bit database. When it comes to large databases the hybrid x86-64 architecture platform is strongly recommended over the 32-bit x86 platform. 64-bit platforms can access more than 4GB of memory without workarounds. With 32-bit platforms there are several issues that require workaround solutions for databases that use lots of memory .So, version identification of the OS is necessary prior to install oracle. If you are not sure whether you are on a 32-bit or 64-bit hardware then the following procedure will hopefully help you.

Check whether OS is 64 bit or 32 bit :

Method 1 :

On linux :

Command :

[root@localhost ~]$ uname -a

Output :

Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.9-42.0.0.0.1.ELsmp #1 SMP Sun Oct 15 15:13 :57 PDT 2006 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Explanation :

Output clearly indicates that its x66_64….that means it 64 – bit.

Usually it will be i686 or similar for 32-bit

Method 2 :

On linux , you can also see by getconf LONG_BIT command.

On 64 bit,
[root@localhost ~]$ getconf LONG_BIT
64

On 32 bit,
[root@localhost ~]$ getconf LONG_BIT
32

Here is the screen shot :

2)Verify System Hardware Requirements:

The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements:

(a) At least 1 GB of physical RAM

(b) The following table describes the relationship between installed RAM and the configured swap space requirement

(c) 400 MB of disk space in the /tmp directory

(d) Between 1.5 GB and 3.5 GB of disk space for the Oracle software, depending on

the installation type

(e) 1.2 GB of disk space for a preconfigured database that uses file system  storage(optional)

Now, lets verify the above mentioned hardware requirement with the help of following commands :

To check the size of physical memory, execute:

[root@localhost]$ grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

To check the size of swap space, execute:

[root@localhost]$ grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

If you notice that you doesn’t have enough swap space then you can always increase your swap space.Here is the process :

[root@localhost]$ free -m

total                     used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:                     251        242          8         22         11         32

-/+ buffers/cache:        198         52

Swap:                   133        133          0

[root@localhost]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1024 count=132207
132207+0 records in

132207+0 records out

Note : You can increase the count value depending on the free swap space available in your system.

[root@localhost]$ ls -l
total 132364

drwxr-xr-x   20 usr-3 users        4096 May 22 10:46 usr-3

drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root        16384 Feb 21 07:04 lost+found

-rw-r–r–    1 root     root     135379968 May 29 11:52 swapfile

Now, assign permission for the swap file :

[root@localhost]$ chmod 600 swapfile

[root@localhost]$ ls -l
total 132364

drwxr-xr-x   20 usr-3 users        4096 May 22 10:46 usr-3

drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root        16384 Feb 21 07:04 lost+found

-rw——-    1 root     root     135379968 May 29 11:52 swapfile

Next we got to setup the swap area and enable it :

[root@localhost]$ mkswap swapfile

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 135372800 bytes

[root@localhost]$ swapon swapfile

Now lets check the swap space,

[root@localhost]$ free

total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:        257632     254632       3000       2512      36172      15096

-/+ buffers/cache:     203364      54268

Swap:       268708     136512     132196

If you could notice, the swap space have been increased.

Apart from this, You also can add temporary swap space to your system by creating a temporary swap file instead of using a raw device. Here is the procedure:

[root@localhost]$ su – root

[root@localhost]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tmpswap bs=1k count=900000

[root@localhost]$ chmod 600 tmpswap

[root@localhost]$ mkswap tmpswap

[root@localhost]$ swapon tmpswap

To disable the temporary swap space execute the following commands:

[root@localhost]$ su – root

[root@localhost]$ swapoff tmpswap

[root@localhost]$ rm tmpswap

 
Checking /tmp Space :

According to Oracle’s documentation, the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) requires up to 400 MB of free space in the /tmp directory. But OUI checks if /tmp is only greater than 80 MB.

To check the space in /tmp, run:

$ df /tmp

If you do not have enough space in the /tmp filesystem, you can temporarily create a tmp directory in another filesystem. Here is how you can do this:

Login as root :

$ su – root

General Syntax :

mkdir /<AnotherFilesystem>/tmp

chown root.root /<AnotherFilesystem>/tmp

chmod 1777 /<AnotherFilesystem>/tmp

export TEMP=/<AnotherFilesystem>           # used by Oracle

export TMPDIR=/<AnotherFilesystem>         # used by Linux programs like the linker “ld”

When you are done with the Oracle installation, shutdown Oracle and remove the temporary /tmp directory:

su – root

rmdir /<AnotherFilesystem>/tmp

unset TEMP

unset TMPDIR

Example :

lets consider the file system as /u01

[root@localhost]$ mkdir /u01/tmp

[root@localhost]$ chown root:root /u01/tmp

[root@localhost]$ chmod 1777 /u01/tmp

[root@localhost]$ export TEMP=/u01

[root@localhost]$ export TMPDIR=/u01

When you are done with the Oracle installation, shutdown Oracle and remove the temporary /tmp directory:

[root@localhost]$ rmdir /u01/tmp

[root@localhost]$ unset TEMP

[root@localhost]$ unset TMPDIR

To determine the amount of free disk space on the system, enter the following command:

[root@localhost]$ df -k

The following table shows the approximate disk space requirements for software files for each installation type:

Most of the times we install Enterprise Edition which is going to take about 1.9GB.

(3)Configure the Linux Kernel Parameters

Edit the /etc/sysctl.conf and add following lines:

kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144

Note: You need to reboot the system or execute “sysctl -p” command to apply above settings immediately.

(4)Install the Packages :

Some additional packages are required for succesful instalation of Oracle software.

To check whether required packages are installed on your operating system use following command:

For 32 bit (x86) Linux version:

rpm -q binutils gcc glibc glibc-headers glibc-kernheaders glibc-devel compat-libstdc++ cpp compat-gcc make compat-db

compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel setarch sysstat

pdksh libaio libaio-devel –qf ‘%{name}.%{arch}\n’|sort

Required packages for 32bit (x86) architecture:

binutils.i386

compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128.i386

compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128.i386

compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128.i386

compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128.i386

cpp.i386

gcc.i386

gcc-c++.i386

glibc.i386

glibc-common.i386

glibc-devel.i386

glibc-headers.i386

glibc-kernheaders.i386

libstdc++.i386

libstdc++-devel.i386

libaio

libai-devel.i386

pdksh.i386

setarch.i386

sysstat.i386

For 64 bit (x86_64) Linux version:

rpm -q binutils compat-db compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel glibc-headers gcc gcc-c++ libstdc++ cpp make libaio ksh

elfutils-libelf sysstat libaio libaio-devel setarch –qf ‘%{name}.%{arch}\n’|sort

Required packages for 64bit (x86_64) architecture:

binutils.x86_64

compat-db.x86_64

compat-libstdc++-33.i386

compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

cpp.x86_64

elfutils-libelf.i386

elfutils-libelf.x86_64

gcc-c++.x86_64

gcc.x86_64

glibc-devel.i386

glibc-devel.x86_64

glibc-headers.x86_64

glibc.i686

glibc.x86_64

ksh.x86_64

libaio-devel.i386

libaio-devel.x86_64

libaio.i386

libaio.i386

libaio.x86_64

libaio.x86_64

libstdc++.i386

libstdc++.x86_64

make.x86_64

setarch.x86_64

sysstat.x86_64

So from the above list ,make a note about the packages that are needed to be installed. Next Install the required packages using the rpm command :

Procedure to install packages in Linux :

Before installing the packages,First download all the packages from the CD and then follow the below procedure.

1) # cd /var

2)  Var # cd ftp

3) ftp # cd pub

4) pub # cd Redhat

5) redhat # RPMS

6) RPMS # rpm –ivh <package-name>  .rpm

7)  Example : rpm –ivh  gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm

5)Create the Oracle Groups and User Account

Log in as a root user and then create two groups

• oinstall
• dba

Create oracle user who owns the oracle software making initial group oinstall and secondary group dba.

[root@localhost]$ /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

[root@localhost]$ /usr/sbin/groupadd dba

[root@localhost]$ /usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle

[root@localhost]$ id oracle

uid=501(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),503(dba)

Set the password on the oracle user,

[root@localhost]$ passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle,

New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

6)Create Directory for Oracle software

Create directory as root and then change permission 755 and make owner to oracle user.

mkdir /u01/oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/oracle

chmod -R 775 /u01/oracle

NOTE : Note on the «oinstall» Group

The oinstall group is often needed for those organizations who have separate groups that maintain the software and the database. It prevents unauthorized access to the database by personnel who maintain the software, and it prevents the database administrators from making changes to the software and the installations inventory directory.

When using oinstall during the install of the software, one must set their default group to the one that will be maintaining the database before creating the database or permission problems will arise.

Oinstall is not needed when the same people will be maintaining the software and the database. In this situation, it will create more work and add an extra layer of complexity to the maintenance of the installation.

Recommendation: if you don’t need the oinstall group for added security,  just install using the dba group.

As earlier i was not aware of this fact , i have considered Oinstall as my primary group.But now that we are clear about the groups,its upto yoou to decide about the group.

7)Set Shell Limits for the oracle User

To improve the performance of the software on Linux systems, you must increase the following shell limits for the oracle user:

• how much memory oracle user permit to use,
• how many files it can open,
• how many processes it can run.

This is done by

Login as Oracle,

Edit the /etc/security/limits.conf file and add following lines:

oracle    soft  nproc  2047
oracle    hard  nproc  16384
oracle    soft  nofile  1024
oracle    hard  nofile  65536

Edit the /etc/pam.d/login file & Add the following lines to

session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session    required     pam_limits.so

Make the following Settings Permanent

For the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell, add the following lines to the $HOME/.bash_profile

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 63536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 63536
fi
fi

Now that all prerequisites have been completed,lets start the installation of oracle 10g (release 2) 64-bit on Redhat linux -4  :

Login as Oracle User  and perform the steps shown :

STEP 1 : Unzip -> 10201_database_linux_x86_64.zip to any particular folder

STEP 2 :

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller

Screen Shot :

STEP 3 :

Here you need to select the type of installation . I have opted for Advanced Installation.

If you want to create new database after software installation,

check “Create Starter Database” checkbox and enter database name and password, then click Next

STEP 4 :

Specify Inventory directory (keep it as default) and click Next

STEP 5 :

Select the installation type.Usually Enterprise Edition is used.

STEP 6 :

Specify name for the installation and full path where you want to install the product

STEP  7 :

Here we see that all Prerequisite Checks are succeeded.

STEP 7 :

Select the create database option

STEP 8 :

I have opted for General Purpose database.

STEP 9 :

Specify the database name of your choice.

I have mentioned the database name as db21

STEP 10 :

STEP 11 :

Select the storage option as File System.we will learn about the ASM storage in the upcoming posts.

STEP 12 :

Select the backup option.

STEP 13 :

You can specify passwords of your choice.

STEP 14 :

Click Install to begin installation

Note :Make a note of all these URL’s so that we can access the applications (like EM ) later on.

STEP 15 :

RUN the 2 scripts :

1) orainstRoot.sh

2) root.sh

as shown in the below screen shots.

STEP 16 :

Set the Environmental variable to start the instance

[oracle@localhost ~]$ . oraenv

ORACLE_SID=[db21] ? db21

[oracle@localhost ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=db21

To start the instance, connect as sysdba

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL> conn sys as sysdba

Enter password:

Now that we are connected to instance, start the database “db21″ using the following command.

SQl>startup

STEP 17 :

Connecting to Database with Enterprise Manager

Now, let’s start Oracle Enterprise Manager. In order to use EM, we should firstly start listener. In production environment, you need automate database, listener and EM startup.

Start the listener

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start

Listener started successfully.

STEP 18 :

Now, we can start the Enterprise Manager Database Console in 2 ways:

(a)Using the URL

http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em/

(b) Using Command

[oracle@localhost ~]$ emctl start dbconsole

We can use any of the above choice to start EM Database Console

Enter username sys and its password, then select “SYSDBA” as a role and click Login

Just checkout the license agreement and at the bottom of the page as shown in the next screen shot,you got to accept the terms and proceed further.

And here is your Enterprise Manager 10g Database Console…. With this we can administor our database very easily.

Congratulations!!! Now we are done with installation …..

So lets have a look at the benefits of the VMware Tools :

1. Mouse synchronization with the host operating system so that you don’t have to keep releasing your mouse(using CLT+ALT) from the guest to go back to the host.
2. Improved network compatibility & performance
3. Copy and paste activities between the host and guest.

Lets learn how to install these VM tools in your VMware Server.Here we are considering Linux  as our Guest OS and windows as our Host OS.

First make sure that the VMware tools are not installed .If your mouse is getting stuck inside the VM when you click on the screen that means there are no VM tools installed.

Now to get it unstuck,you have to release it with ALT-CLT keys and also at the bottom of the screen you will see the message “You do not have VMware Tools installed”.

Now, inorder to install VMware Tools, go to VMware Server Toolbar and click on VM and then Install VMWare Tools.

VM-> Install VMware Tools

Next, you will see the following screen:

Click Install & hold on for a while .Have patience.

You may see some delay here because at this point what happens in the background is that the VMware tools are mounted as ISO CD drive on your Virtual Linux machine.On your host computer (windows) these tools are located at C:\Program Files\VMware\VMWare server\linux.iso

Within few moments you should see that the VM Tools CD is now loaded and a window comesup with the contents of the CDROM as shown in the below figure.

Now to manually start the installation , right click on the VMware Tools GZ file and extract the contents to a default folder on to

the Desktop.

After the extraction is done,Close all the windows and go to your desktop and open the vmware-tools-distrib folder.

Double-click on vmware-install.pl to execute it.

Select Run in terminal

The terminal window will appear and you will be asked many questions.Just take all the defaults by pressing ENTER .

Else you can just select RUN and with in a moment your done with the installation.

Now you should reboot your linux system.When the system comesback,try to move your mouse out of the screen.Hopefully it does move out of the screen.

Everybody who are using VMware should install VMtools on to any guest operating systems are they are using.These tools will make using VMware much easier and less frustrating.

Having the installation done,use it for a while and then go back to the system wherein the tools are not installed and you will notice the difference for sure.

Good Luck guys!!!!

Choose the Guest operating System & Click on “Next“



Enter the name of Virtual machine and the location where you want to create a new machine.

You may increase the memory based on your requirements.

Default is 384MB.

Based on your Hadware capacity,You can select the Disk Size.

Now that the Virtual machine is created, We need to install the Redhat Linux 4 operating system(64-bit)

Select ISO Image option and Click on “OK“

Else if u want to install with the help of CD-Rom then select “Physical drive” option.

Press any key to continue…..

As we are using iso image , skip media test window.So Click on “Skip“

Click on “Next“

Select the Language and Click on “Next”

Select the Installation Type.I have opted for “custom”

Next, i have opted to partition the disks manually.

Click on “YES” and then “next“…

As we have selected manual partition ,here we need add the partitions.

So Click on “New” and add Mount Points :

(a) /

(b)/home

(c)/usr

(d)/boot

Here,

Mount Point  : /

Size                       : 1000 MB

Mount Point  : /home

Size                       : 3996 MB

Mount Point  : / boot

Size                  : 3996 MB

Mount Point  : / usr

Size                  : 3996 MB

Summary of all the partition is shown below :

As i haven’t added any Swap partition , below shown is the warning message.But you can always ignore this warning as you can create swap partition later when needed.

Hence click on “yes”

Click on “Next“

Here i have set the hostname automatically via DHCP.

We can also change the hostname manually later on even after the installation.

Select ‘Enable Firewall‘ option & Click on “Next“

Click on “Next“

Select the Time zone and Click on “Next“

Specify the root password

I haven choosen to install all the required packages,Hence select “Everything” option as shown in the screen shot….

Now go to settings and then select the second iso image and proceed with the installation as shown in below screenshot.

Follow the same for the third and fourth iso image as well when asked…

If your using CD-Rom then simply insert the second CD and same for the next third and fourth CD.

Checkout the license agreement ….

Set the Date and Time



Choose the screen resolution of your choice

Enter the system username and password

Click on “Next

Click on “Next”

Click on “Next“

Click on Next and your done with the installation.

Congrats!!!!!

Click on “Next“

Select the Type of installation.

I have opted for Custom installation as i want to know what all am installing.

Click on Change and select the destination where u want to install and then click on Ok

Click on “Next“

Click on install to proceed with the installation

Click on ” Finish” & Your done with installation of vmware server.

Here is the procedure to invoke EXP & IMP as ” SYSDBA “

FOR WINDOWS :

(a)Import

C:\>IMP ‘username/password as sysdba’ keyword=(value1,value2,….valuen)

Example:C:\>IMP ‘sys/sys as sysdba’ fromuser=hr touser=abc file=export2.dmp owner=hr

(b)Export

C:\>EXP ‘username/password as sysdba’ keyword=(value1,value2,….valuen)

Example: C:\>EXP sys/sys as sysdba’ file=export2.dmp owner=hr direct=y

FOR LINUX :

(a)Import

C:\>IMP \’username/password as sysdba\’ keyword=(value1,value2,….valuen)

Example:C:\>IMP \’sys/sys as sysdba\’ fromuser=hr touser=abc file=export2.dmp owner=hr

(b)Export

C:\>EXP \’username/password as sysdba\’ keyword=(value1,value2,….valuen)

Example: C:\>EXP \’sys/sys as sysdba\’ file=export2.dmp owner=hr direct=y

Note :

For Remote Access ,we can use like this

C:\>IMP ‘username/password@instance as sysdba’ keyword=(value1,value2,….valuen